Democritus is reputed to have been censored since Plato - and the long tradition of monotheistic. As a result, some take the opportunity to make a kind of emblem of the cons-philosophy currently in vogue since we in the West boasts of having invented a form of culture which is superior to Christianity and who appoints liberal secularism ( secular liberalism). Unfortunately, for the Sophists in particular, must tell the truth. And just as the theories of the Sophists are monstrous, and Democrat professes knowledge as impressive as dangerous.
Why Plato does not mention it explicitly, as he was known and he demanded that his books burned. Reason also why the ancients lost track of his writings. The legendary character of Democritus of Abdera is reinforced by the mysterious identity of his master Leucippus: probably wants to be indicated by this opacity that our identity emeritus physicist was the custodian of a lineage that is not exclusive of its work or those of his master Leucippus assumed. It speaks of a certain Mochos, Phoenician his condition, but it would undoubtedly be abusive to trace this tradition of atomistic thinker says Mochos or to his successors to the school of Abdera.
It is interesting to measure this type of approach to the atomistic world is very old. It follows from the colonies and the influence of the Persian Empire and goes through the Babylonian and Mesopotamian empires to Hindu traditions, as some schools gymnosophists. Democritus is deemed to have been initiated by the wise Persian and Mesopotamian astrology and science. Even if
visited Egypt, he is opposed to his doctrines ancestors of Pythagoras and Plato, or he took those lessons antagonists of Pythagoras, because if the tradition attests that he was close in some aspects of the Pythagoreans, it is clear that his physical theory of reality is at odds with the ontological principles advocated by Pythagoras - and he drew direct instruction in the traditions of Egyptian priests.
Abdera was at the time of Democritus Mecca of the Persian tradition in Greece, including the intellectual tradition, so that Democritus is the embodiment of an iconic part of this tradition. He lived between about 460 and 370 BC. AD He was younger than Socrates (470-399), the precursor of some of Plato (428-347), and younger than the sophist Gorgias (483-374) or the sophist Protagoras of Abdera, too (490-420). Links between Democritus and the sophist Protagoras proclaimed, we resell on this topic. Democritus is also likened to a sort of anti-Plato. Contrary to the remarkable creativity of Plato from the Egyptian tradition of Parmenides or Pythagoras, Democritus's doctrine seems more a kind of repetition without much innovation theories taught by Leucippus, in which it is closely associated. By studying
Democritus, the Sophists (Protagoras that) and Aristotle, there can be a synthesis of different Current nihilism ancient as he at least has survived. Proof that nihilism is not a static doctrine, but it continues to evolve and diverge after some divisions, to the extent of ontological theories relatives of monotheism. Democritus figure without doubt the purest form that has survived of nihilism, as it is transmitted to us over the polytheism of forms before they are undermined by the gradual advent of monotheism.
Democritus is a time of great transition, during which polytheism collapses and gives way gradually to monotheism. So much so that as a philologist Nietzsche (Bright and crazy) establishes a correspondence between Plato and Christianity later. Ontological tradition (transcendentalist) traverses the ancient Greek Plato Parmenides through Pythagoras. The marginal figure and sexy Democritus is the antithesis of that tradition, along with the sophists, including the use of the neologism by Democritus méontologie to describe this theory.
Pierre-Marie Morel employs the term in its presentation and translation (contained in the anthology of None, published by PUF). Democritus himself uses ancient Greek neologism to describe a being : The dev of Meden : "This is as if from the word" nil, we call being " ant," says Morel. About this issue, Morel noted that the theoretical horizon of Abderites "is actually that of natural philosophy, the study of bodies and the explanation of their movements. Their thesis on non-being (me on ), the first "méontologie" positive, is above all a physical theory. "
That nihilistic ontology leads to a universal physical as opposed to classical ontology personified by Plato is a fact all the more interesting Democritus that passes for a fount of knowledge. The same reputation following the sophists, Gorgias and Protagoras, to mention only the most illustrious (those reported coincidentally by Plato ontologists). As for Plato's own pupil, Aristotle, who proposed this as a more sustainable development of nihilism coupled sophists metaphysics to physics, it is also the incarnation of the scholarship of his time (as to pretend to close the field of knowledge ).
Aristotle was long famous for his physical and his inclination for the sciences in general (including life), so much so that multiple scientific research for medieval produce the most scholastic and pedantic that is false (just like most historians of philosophy today, which often demand of Aristotle, Kant and Hegel). All these nihilists have in common to reach a theoretical framework by rejecting the physical ontology. All take their knowledge nihilistic around Mesopotamia and traditions associated imperialists. The opposition's ultimate physical and theoretical framework of ontological framework crystallizes in the neologism méontologie (or mésontologie ) because Being is replaced by non-being, nothingness or emptiness.
reduction of ontology to méontologie, either physical or scientist is most eloquent. Democritus explains the impulses and subsequent immanentists disturbing as scientism or positivism (which we're not out, although we haven emphatically): because when we reduce the real opposition of being and nothingness, it comes estimate that being is something only (exclusively) that the physical and ontological dimension transcendentalist type of philosophical interrogation is a waste of time (as the logicians chanted near the Vienna Circle).
(more about Democritus the next episode)
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